the diffraction of X-rays by substances having a regular arrangement of atoms; a phenomenon used to identify substances having such a structure.

characteristic secondary radiation emitted by an element as a result of excitation by X-rays, used to yield chemical analysis of a sample.

an X-ray film, plate, or paper that is placed at the image plane and is used for recording an X-ray image of the object being examined.

discoloration of white or clear coatings caused by of aging..

the volume of a freshly mixed material produced from a known quantity of ingredients; the total weight of ingredients divided by the unit weight of the freshly mixed material.

that point on the stress-strain curve when stress ceases to be linearly proportional to strain.

see modulus of elasticity.

see concrete, zero-slump.

an apparatus for the measurement of liquid or slurry viscosity expressed as the number of seconds required for the liquid or slurry to drain from the cup through a hole of definite diameter.

a primer that contains a high enough concentration of zinc dust to make it electrically conductive when it dries so that it provides cathodic protection for ferrous materials.